怎么区分同位语和定语从句

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1、引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成份,而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,除起连接作用外,还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。

The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.

计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。（同位语从句，that在从句中不充当任何成份）

The idea that he gave surprises many people．他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。（定语从句，that在从句中作gave的宾语）

2、引导词的不同

what, how, if, whatever 等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。

3、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系,即说明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系,即限定它前面的名词范围,或补充一些情况。

The news that l have passed the math exam is true．

我通过了数学考试这一消息是真的。（同位语从句,即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容）

The news that he told me just now is true．他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。（定语从句,从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用,即“他告诉我的”那个消息,而不是别的消息）

4、定语从句的先行词是名词或代词；而同位语从句的先行词只能是名词，而且仅限于idea， fact， hope，news，doubt，truth，information，suggestion，question， belief，conclusion等少数名词。

而且when，where，why引导的定语从句的先行词一定分别是表示时间、地点和原因的名词，而三者引导的同位语从句的先行词则肯定不是表示时间、地点和原因的名词。

I have no idea when they will come.?

我不知道他们什么时候来。(同位语从句)

I’ll never forget the days when I lived there.?

我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。(定语从句)

关系代词有：that which who whom whose as 等

关系副词有：where when why 等

一、 关系代词引导的定语从句

1.who 指人，在从句中作主语。

例如：The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

2.whom 指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，可省略。

例如：Mr Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.

注意：①关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who 代替，可省略

②如果在从句中作宾语，就用whom或who

例如：He is the man whom/who I talk to

③如果是在从句中作主语就只能用who

例如：He is the man who has an English book

3.which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略

例如：Football is a game which is liked by most boys

This is thn pen (which) he bought yesterday

4.that 指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which

在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略

例如：Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning.

5.whose 通常指人，也可指物，表示“……的”，在定语从句中作定语

例如：He has a friend whose father is a doctor

I once lived in a house whose roof had fallen in

whose 指物时，常用以下结构来代替：

例如：The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired

Do you like the book whose color is yellow

Do you like the book the color of which is yellow

(一般后面有名词的前面的关系词就用whose）

6.代表物时多用which 但在带有下列词的句子中只能用that 而不用which

①在there be 句型中，只用that

②当先行词是anything everything nothing (something除外）,few all none little some等代词时，或者是由every any all some no little few much each 等词修饰时，只用that

例如：All that can be done has been done

There is little that I can do for you

③当先行词被序数词修饰时，只用that

例如：The first place that they visit in London was the Big Ben.

④当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，只用that

例如：This is the best film that I have seen

⑤先行词被the very , the only, the same ,the last修饰时，只用that

⑥当先行词既有人又有物时，只用that

（一般这几点比较容易考到）

二、关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词=介词+关系代词

why=for which

where=in/at/on/+which

when=during/on/in/ +which

1.when 指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语

例如：I still remember the day when I first came to the school

2.where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语

例如：Shanghai is the city where I was born

3.why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语

例如;please tell me the reason why you missed the plane

注意;关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换

例如：The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is not clear

Great changes have taken place in the city in which/where I was born

《中考捷径》上摘抄的 。

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